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Vetiver Chrysopogon zizanioide

Vetiver

Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty

ANGOLA

CAS No: 84238-29-9

EINECS No: 282-490-8

Plant part used: Roots

Origin: Organically cultivated

Processing: Steam-distillation

Main compounds: Zizanoic acid 25-30%, Khumisol 5-15%, Alpha-cedrene: 2- 5%

Chemotype: N/A

Olfactive experience: Dry-woody, almost cedrela-like olfactive experience, reminiscent of certain types of Cyperus oil.

Curiosities: Vetiver Oil is used extensively in perfumery not only as a fixative, but also as an olfactive experience contributor in bases such as fougère, chypre, modern woody- aldehydic or ambre-aldehydic bases, Oriental bases, moss and wood notes, opopanax bases, rose bases, etc.

It blends well with ionones, linalool, cinnamic alcohol, patchouli, rose, sandalwood, oakmoss products, amylsalicylate, lavender, clary sage, mimosa, cassie, opopanax, isoeugenol, etc.

The oil is finest oriental perfume with persistent fragrance. The blended perfume oil of vetiver acts as an excellent fixative for volatile compounds. It is known for its cooling properties.

In addition to its direct perfumery applications, vetiver oil in its diluted form is extensively used in after-shave lotions, air freshners and bathing purposes, as well as flavoring syrups, ice cream, cosmetic and food preservation. This oil cannot be substituted with reconstituted oil and cannot be made through synthetically. Vetiver perfumes give pleasing aroma and has slow evaporation rate.

Vetiver oil is also being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine in India. Vetiver oil is used in scents since ancient time.

It has traditionally been used in aromatherapy for relieving stress, anxiety, nervous tension and insomnia.

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Regulatory sheets

Safety data sheet            Technical data sheet

AFRICAN-IMMORTELLE                        AFRICAN-IMMORTELLE

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Certifications

 

 

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Chromatographic Analysis

Relative percentage of each compound of the chromatogram presented VETIVER:

Compounds Relative percentage
α-Pinene –
1,8-Cineole –
α-Cubebene –
α-Ylangene –
α-Funebrene t
α-Cedrene 4.5
β-Cedrene –
alpha-amorphene –
β-Funebrene 0.6
β-Copaene 0.6
Prezizaene 1.5
Zizaene * (= Khusimene) 1.1
Germacrene 2.7
α-Cuprenene 0.7
γ-Cadinene 4.2

 

 

 

cis-γ-Bisabolene –
trans-Calamenene 0.5
δ-Cadinene 1.4
trans-α-Bisabolene t
UI D Cryptomeria japonica –
UI a 1586 1.7
UI b 1593 2.0
α-Cadinol –
T-Cadinol (= epi-α-Cadinol) 2.2
UI 1 OCS 1631 –
Cyclocopacamphenol –
Ziza-6(13)-en-3-α-ol –
Unidentified compound 1 5.5
Unidentified compound 2 31.3
Unidentified compound 3 –
Khusiol 1651 –
Unidentified compound 4 15.9
Oplopanone –
Khusimol 5.6
Isovalencenyl formate –
Zizanoic acid (=Khusenic acid) –
Grouped compounds
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 17.8%
Oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes 7.8%

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Scientific Evidence

Effect Route used in the experiment Source
Anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antioxidant activity Cell cultures, Cell viability tests, Nitrite production assessment, Assay for messenger RNA, Superperoxide anion assessment, measurement of SOD activity, free radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ metal chelating assay – essential oil of Vetiver suppressed the inflammatory responses of LPS-stimulated macrophages, including No cell apoptosis. Anti- inflammatory activity of the essential oil correlates with its antioxidant activity, which decreasing LPS- induced superoxide anion production and MDA levels. beta- vetivenene, alpha-

vetivone and beta –

 [2] [3] [4] [5]

 

 

 

vetivone have shown strong antioxidant activities in preliminary screening. Vetiver essential Oil and some of its inherent bioactive terpenoids having strong reducing power through the DPPH• free radical scavenging

assay
Antibacterial activity Disc diffusion assay – vetiver oil possesses antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains                                like

staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes,                    Escherichia coli                                   and

corynebacterium ovis. The inhibition by pure oil was 60-70% more than penicillin. Furthermore, it also                         showed

antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii, aeromonas veronii,            candida albicans, enterococcus faecalis, e coli, klebsiella pneumoniae,                              p. aeruginosa, salmonela entérica,                                  serratia marcescens    and    s.

aureus.

 [7]
Antifungal activity Various types of assays – effective against alternatria                      alternata, fusarium                   oxysporium, Candida albicans and cryptococcus

neogormens

 [8]

 

 

 

Vetiver oil showed antioxidant and anti-inflammaroty activities in several studies and can be used in medicine and perfumery. Antioxidant properties evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the Fe2+ metal chelating assay revealed that the vetiver oil possessed a strong free radical scavenging activity as compared to standard antioxidants such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and alpha-tocopherol.

References

  • Pareek, A., Kumar, A. (2013) Ethnobotanical and pharmaceutical uses of vetiveria zizanioides (linn) nash: a medicinal plant of rajasthan. International Journal of Life science & Pharma VOL3/ISSUE4/OCT-DE2013.
  • Su-Tze Chou; Chia-Pei Lai; Chih-Chien Lin; Ying Shih (2012). Study of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from Vetiveria , 134(1), 262–268. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.131.
  • Sridhar, S.R., R.V. Rajagopal, R. Rajavel, S. Masilamani, S. Narasimhan, (2003) Antifungal activity of some oils, J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 7596–7599. Thakur, R.S.; Puri, S.; and Akhtar, H. (1989). Major Medicinal Plants of India, pp. 521-7. CIMAP, Lucknow, India.
  • Jagtap, G. S.S. Shirke, A.S. Phadke. (2004) Effect of polyherbal formulation on experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases, J. Ethnopharmacol. 90

:195–204

  • Kim, H., F. Chen, X. Wang, H.Y. Chung, Z. Jin, (2005) Evaluation of antioxidant activity of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides L.) oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents, Agric. Food Chem. 53 7691–7695.
  • Kim, Hyun-Jin; Chen, Feng; Wang, Xi; Chung, Hau Yin; Jin, Zhengyu (2005). Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Vetiver ( <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> L <i>.</i>

) Oil and Identification of Its Antioxidant Constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(20), 7691–7695. doi:10.1021/jf050833e.

  • Chahal, K., Bhardway., U., Kaushal, S., Sandhu, A. (2015) Chemical composition and biological properties of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash – A review. Vol. 6(4), 251-260.
  • Munir Ozturk, Khalid Rehman Hakeem (2019) Plant and Human Health, Volume 2: Phytochemistry and Molecular Springer.

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